Polyethylene glycol (PE) hom nonionic surfactants tuaj yeem raug cais raws li hom hydrophobic pawg, suav nrog ntev -chain fatty cawv polyoxyethylene ethers, alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers, fatty acid polyoxyethylene esters, polyoxyethylene alkylamines, polyoxyethylene, thiab polyoxyethylene.
Ntev -chain fatty cawv polyoxyethylene ethers
Lub hydrogen atom ntawm pawg hydroxyl nyob rau hauv ntev -chain fatty cawv molecules yog ib tug nquag hydrogen atom, thiab ethylene oxide yog ib tug active compound uas yuav hloov tau cov hydrogen atom. Lawv nkag siab thiab polymerize rau hauv ethers.
Qhov tseeb, qhov sib ntxiv ntawm ethylene oxide pib maj mam, thawj zaug ntxiv ib qho ethylene oxide molecule, tom qab ntawd ntxiv ib qho thib ob, thib peb, thiab lwm yam. Qhov zoo tshaj plaws detergency yog pom tom qab ntxiv 10-15 molecules. Feem ntau siv cov roj hmab ntev ntev xws li lauryl oleyl cawv, palmitol, stearyl cawv, cyclohexanol, thiab terpene cawv. Cov surfactants no muaj kev ruaj ntseg siab, zoo biodegradability thiab dej solubility, thiab zoo heev emulsifying, wetting, nkag mus, dispersing, thiab solubilizing muaj peev xwm. Lawv feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov tshuaj ntxhua khaub ncaws thiab tshuaj zawv plaub hau. Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers yog tsim los ntawm kev ntxiv cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntawm alkylphenols nrog ethylene oxide. Feem ntau siv phenols suav nrog octylphenol thiab nonylphenol. Thaum siv nonylphenol, cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm 4 molecules ntawm ethylene oxide yog insoluble hauv dej; cov khoom tsim los ntawm qhov sib ntxiv ntawm 6 los yog 7 molecules ntawm ethylene oxide yog soluble tag nrho hauv dej ntawm chav tsev kub; cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm 8-12 molecules ntawm ethylene oxide muaj zoo ntub dej, nkag mus, thiab detergency, thiab kuj muaj zoo emulsifying hwj chim, ua rau nws haum rau siv raws li ib tug detergent thiab penetrant; cov khoom tsim los ntawm kev sib ntxiv ntawm ntau tshaj 15 molecules ntawm ethylene oxide tsis muaj kev nkag mus los yog detergency, tab sis muaj lub zog emulsifying thiab dispersing zoo, ua rau nws haum rau siv raws li ib tug emulsifying dispersant, leveling tus neeg saib xyuas, thiab retarding tus neeg saib xyuas. Alkylphenol polyoxyethylene ethers muaj tshuaj lom neeg ruaj khov thiab tsis yooj yim rhuav tshem los ntawm cov kua qaub lossis alkalis txawm nyob rau qhov kub thiab txias, thiab lawv cov biodegradability tsis zoo. Yog li ntawd, lawv qhov kev thov yog maj mam txo qis, thiab lawv feem ntau yog siv rau hauv cov kua qaub thiab alkaline detergents rau hlau, nrog tsawg dua siv hauv tsev detergents.
Fatty acid polyoxyethylene esters
Fatty acids teb nrog ethylene oxide nyob rau hauv lub xub ntiag ntawm ib tug catalyst los tsim fatty acid polyoxyethylene esters. Qhov ntau carbon atoms nyob rau hauv fatty acid, nws cov solubility qis thiab siab dua nws cov huab point, tshwj tsis yog rau fatty acids uas muaj hydroxyl pawg los yog unsaturated fatty acids. Cov nyhuv ntawm cov naj npawb ntawm cov ethylene oxide ntxiv rau ntawm ester zoo ib yam li cov roj cawv polyoxyethylene ethers. Piv txwv li, fatty acids nrog 12-18 carbon atoms bonded rau 12-15 ethylene oxide molecules muaj cov tshuaj ntxuav tes zoo, thaum cov uas muaj tsawg dua tus lej no, xws li 5-6 ethylene oxide molecules, muaj roj-soluble emulsifying zog. Hom surfactant no muaj qhov nkag mus thiab detergency tsawg dua li polyoxyethylene ethers ntawm fatty alcohols thiab alkylphenols, thiab feem ntau yog siv los ua emulsifier, dispersant, fiber oiling agent, thiab dyeing auxiliary agent.
Polyoxyethylene alkylamines
Alkylamines tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv nrog ethylene oxide los tsim ob cov tshuaj tiv thaiv. Zoo ib yam li peb cov nonionic surfactants tau hais los saum no, thaum muaj pes tsawg tus ethylene oxide ntxiv hauv polyoxyethylene alkylamine molecule me me, nws yog insoluble hauv dej tab sis soluble hauv roj. Txawm li cas los xij, vim nws cov qauv amine organic, nws yog soluble hauv acidic aqueous daws. Yog li ntawd, polyoxyethylene alkylamines muaj qee cov yam ntxwv ntawm ob qho tib si nonionic thiab cationic surfactants, xws li acid tsis kam tab sis tsis zoo alkali tsis kam, thiab bactericidal zog. Thaum tus naj npawb ntawm cov ethylene oxide ntxiv yog loj, nws cov nonionicity nce, thiab nws tsis precipitate nyob rau hauv alkaline daws, qhia txog kev ua tau zoo txawm nyob rau hauv alkaline daws.
Vim qhov nce nonionicity thiab txo qis cationicity, nws nthuav tawm kev sib raug zoo nrog anionic surfactants thiab tuaj yeem siv ua ke nrog lawv. Vim hais tias cov surfactant no sib txuas cov khoom nonionic thiab cationic, nws feem ntau yog siv los ua tus neeg sawv cev dyeing thiab hauv rayon ntau lawm los txhim kho lub zog ntawm cov xov paj fiber ntau. Nws kuj pab tswj kev huv ntawm spinneret orifice thiab tiv thaiv cov av deposition.
Polyoxyethylene alkylolamides
Alkylolamides tau txais cov tshuaj tiv thaiv ntxiv nrog ethylene oxide los ua polyoxyethylene alkylolamides. Cov nonionic surfactants muaj zog foaming thiab stabilizing zog, thiab yog li ntawd feem ntau siv ua npuas ncauj txhawb nqa thiab stabilizers. Ib txhia kuj pom zoo detergency, solubilizing, thiab thickening teebmeem. Ib yam khoom thaum ntxov ntawm hom no yog lauroyl diethanolamine, uas yog tsim los ntawm cua sov lauric acid thiab diethanolamine nyob rau hauv kev tiv thaiv nitrogen. Lauroyl diethanolamine yog insoluble hauv dej; nws tsuas yog pom zoo cov dej solubility thiab detergency thaum ua ke nrog ib tug molecule ntawm diethanolamine los ua ib tug complex. Nws tuaj yeem siv ua npuas dej stabilizer hauv cov tshuaj ntxuav tes, nrog rau cov emulsifier, xeb tshem tawm, thiab xab npum qhuav. Lub stability thiab hydrolysis tsis kam ntawm no surfactant yog superior rau cov fatty acid polyoxyethylene esters.
Polyethers
Cov khoom lag luam polyether yog cov ntsiab lus dav dav rau cov khoom lag luam copolymerized nrog propylene glycol ua tus neeg sawv cev pib thiab ntau yam polyoxypropylene-ethylene oxides ntawm cov txheeb ze sib txawv molecular masses. Cov txheeb ze molecular loj ntawm polyethers tuaj yeem ncav cuag ntau txhiab lossis ntau dua, siab dua li cov surfactants zoo tib yam, yog li lawv tuaj yeem raug cais raws li qhov hnyav molecular surfactants. Polyethers muaj cov khoom tshwj xeeb; Lawv feem ntau tsis yog -hygroscopic, soluble zoo dua hauv dej txias dua hauv dej kub, thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb yog gel-zoo li. Lawv kuj yog soluble nyob rau hauv aromatic hydrocarbons thiab chlorinated organic solvents. Polyethers muaj toxicity tsawg thiab tsawg foaming zog; polyethers nrog ib tug txheeb ze molecular loj ntawm 2000-3000 muaj zoo detergency; siab dua cov txheeb ze molecular masses muaj zog dua dispersing. Tsis tas li ntawd, polyethers muaj lub zog emulsifying muaj zog, yog li lawv tuaj yeem siv rau hauv cov tshuaj detergents qis, emulsifiers, defoamers, nrog rau cov ntaub ntawv qib siab, cov neeg ua haujlwm antistatic, cov hlau txiav cov roj lubricants, thiab cov binders. Lawv muaj cov ntawv thov dav dua hauv qee thaj chaw tshwj xeeb.
